Tlhaloso ea Pipe ea ASTM A312 Stainless Steel

Sebaka le Maemo a Moo A312 e Kenang

ASTM A312 e sebetsa ntle le moroko, e cheselitsoeng, le e batang haholo-peipi e sebelitsoeng ea austenitic stainless steel pipe e senyang le e phahameng{2}}litšebeletso tsa mocheso ho pholletsa le lik'hemik'hale, ho hloekisa, ho ntša letsoai le letsoai{3}}ka{4}}lisebelisoa tsa{4} tsa limela; mocheso{{5}lithane tsa phapanyetsano/boiler li oela tlas'a A213/A269, likhoele tsa bohloeki tlas'a A270, 'me boholo bo latela ASME B36.19M (Sch 5S/10S/40S/80S); ka har'a chloride{14}liphatlalatso tse nang le oksijene, metsi a leoatle{15}}li-circuits tse pholisang tse haufi, le merero ea ho nchafatsa lintho tse etelletsang bohloeki le nako ea ho sebetsa pele, likhetho tsa A312 tsa kereiti le top finishes li molemo haholo.

Mephato eo U e Rekang

Liodara tse ngata tsa ho reka li lebisa tlhokomelo ho lelapa le lenyenyane la limaraka. Ho tšoaea habeli-joalo ka304/304Lkapa316/316Le nolofatsa welding haufi le HAZ ha e ntse e boloka lipehelo tsa matla moleng o tšoanang oa stock.

Lethathamo 1 - Limaraka tse tloaelehileng tsa A312 le tšebeliso e tloaelehileng

Kereiti (TP)	Hobaneng ho khethiloe	Likopo tsa baemeli
304 / 304L / 304H	Tšebelisano e pharaletseng ea lik'hemik'hale ka theko ea tlhōlisano	Mokhoa o akaretsang, mouoane oa tšebeliso ea metsi/metsi
316 / 316L / 316H	Mo-e belehang; boemo bo phahameng ba pitting/ thitelo ya maphahlo	Ho ba haufi le metsi a leoatle, -bearing system ea chloride
321 / 321H	Ti{0}e tsitsitse ho laola maikutlo ka mocheso o phahameng	Litšebeletso tse chesang tse nang le welding le libaesekele tse futhumetseng
347 / 347H	Nb{{0}tsetsisoa; fensetere e pharaletseng ea botsitso	Pipe ea sebōpi/boiler moo ho lebelletsoeng ho palama libaesekele
310S / 309S*	E phahameng Cr/Ni; kgatello/bokgale ba ho hanyetsa	Oxidizing khase e chesang, ducting, ho atolosa manonyeletso
904L*	High Ni/Mo/Cu bakeng sa tshebeletso e matla ya chloride/acid	Mosebetsi o thata oa chloride kapa-acid

* Ho fumaneha le moruo li fapana ho ea ka libaka le tsela ea leloala.

ASTM A312

Chemistry le Baseline Properties

Sebelisa lipalo tsena bakeng sa tlhahlobo ea pele; litlhoko tsa ho qetela li tlameha ho latela likhatiso tsa morao-rao tsa ASTM/ASME le litlhaloso tsa bareki.

Lethathamo 2 - Kemistri e bontšang (wt.%)

Kereiti	C (max / H range)	Kr	Ni	Mo	Stabilizer (mofuta)
304(L/H)	0.03 / 0.04–0.10	18–20	8–11	-	-
316(L/H)	0.03 / 0.04–0.10	16–18	10–14	2.0–3.0	-
321(H)	0.08 / 0.04–0.10	17–19	9–13	-	Ti ≈ 5×C ho Ka tlase ho kapa ho lekana le 0.7%
347(H)	0.08 / 0.04–0.10	17–19	9–13	-	Nb+Ta ≈ 10×C–1.0%

Tafole 3 - Kamore e tlase e tlwaelehileng{1}}mocheso wa maemo

Lelapa/ Kereiti	Tensile min	Yield min	Elongation min
304/304L/316L	≈ 515 MPa	≈ 205 MPa	≈ 35%
321/347 (ho kenyeletsa le H)	≈ 515 MPa	≈ 205 MPa	≈ 30–35%
310S/309S	≈ 515 MPa	≈ 205 MPa	≈ 30%

Lipalo tsa moralo li ipapisitse lelikhatello tse lumellehang khahlano le mochesoho tsoa ho likhoutu tse sebetsang ho e-na le linomoro tsa kamore-mocheso feela.

Litekanyo, Mananeo, le Boitokisetso ba ho Qetela - Ke Eng E Amang Tlhahiso

Hangata boholo ba lipeipi boa latelaASME B36.19M. Ho khetha5S/10S/40S/80Smananeo a lokela ho leka-lekanya khatello, tumello ea kutu, le phihlello ea ho cheselletsa. Bakeng sa katleho ea kaho, merero e mengata e khetha ho seha-ho{2}}ka likotoana tse telele ho fokotsa litšepe. Tokiso ea ho qetela e tsamaisana le lenonyeletso: e hlaka kapa e sekoere{4}e sehiloeng bakeng sa mosebetsi oa orbital le socket, e betliloeng bakeng sa litšepe tsa butt. Ha ho reriloe welding kapa tlhahlobo e matla ea leak, OD e matla le ho mamellana ha lebota ho thusa ho fokotsa ho lekana{6}}ho qhalana. Likhetho tsa bokaholimo li kenyelletsa pickled/passivated kapae khanyang-annealed (BA); merero e nang le bohloeki bo tiileng kapa bokhopo bo tlase ho ID e tlameha ho hlakisa metrics ea ho qetela le ea ho amoheloa.

Seamless and Welded Tlas'a312 - Kamoo Lihlopha li Etsang Qeto ka Boikoetliso

Litsela ka bobeli ke tsa A312 'me li ka itšoara ka mokhoa o ts'oanang tšebeletsong ha phekolo ea mocheso le NDE li hlalositsoe ka nepo. Welded (ERW/EFW) e fana ka bokhoni le ho sebetsa hantle ha litšenyehelo ho NPS e kholoanyane le ho matha nako e telele, ha feela li-seams li na le tharollo e feletseng-ea kenngoa le ho feta. Seamless hangata e ratoa moo khatello ea nakoana, ho kobeha ho tiileng, kapa li-spools tse rarahaneng li hlokang matla a eketsehileng. Sengoliloeng se tlameha ho hlalosa hore na ke tsela efe e amohelehang le hore na ke netefatso efe e pakang ho lekana bakeng sa mosebetsi o reriloeng.

astm a312 stainless steel pipe with protective end caps-octal pipe a312 tp316l stainless steel pipe packed for shipment-octal pipe

Boqapi, Phekolo ea Mocheso, le Botšepehi ba Boholimo

Sistimi e atlehileng ea A312 e qala ka lebenkeleng ho fapana le ts'ebeletso. Austenitic stainless pipe e lokela ho siea tlhahiso e le tharollong e felletseng-e hanetsoeng le ho pholile ka potlako e le hore chromium carbides e qhaloe hape 'me mofuta o tšoanang oa austenitic matrix o khutlisetsoe. Moo lipeipi tse cheselitsoeng li sebelisoang, li-seams li tlisoa boemong bo tšoanang{4}}bo behiloe; litaba tse sa fellang kapa tsa lehae ha li nyahame hobane li siea li-microstructures tse tsoakiloeng le karabelo e sa lekanang ea kutu.

Botšepehi ba holim'a metsi bo laoloa ka tatellano: ho etsa lintho, ho hloekisa, ho feta, le ho netefatsa. Tint ea mocheso, tšepe e kentsoeng, le masala a chloride ke lintho tse tharo tse atileng haholo tse bakang ho bola pele ho nako. Haeba 'mala ofe kapa ofe o sala ka mor'a ho tjheseletsa, o tlose ka boits'oaro ebe o khutlisetsa filimi e sa sebetseng ka kalafo ea lik'hemik'hale joalo ka ha ho hlalositsoe ho projeke ea projeke (litloaelo tsa indasteri ea beng ba bangata joalo ka ASTM A380/A967). Bakeng sa lits'ebeletso tse hlokang ID e boreleli haholo kapa mokhoa o fokolang oa ho ratoa, sehlahisoa se khanyang{5}}annealed (BA) se ka hlalosoa hammoho le litekanyetso tsa ho amohela ID le bohloeki.

Weld{{0}sesebediswa se haufi hangata se itshetlehile haholo hodima taolo ya tsamaiso ho feta kgethong ya kereiti. Ho sebelisa limaraka tsa L-kapa limaraka tse tsitsitseng haufi le li-welds ho thusa ho hana maikutlo; hodimo-ho hlwekisa kgase e sa sebetseng ho ID ho fokotsa mocheso le sekala sa oxide; 'me ho hloekisa post{4}ka botlalo ho thibela libaka tsa maphao. Lisebelisoa le mecha ea litaba e tlameha ho ba tse sa hloekang-feela{7}}borashe ba k'habone{8}}borashe ba tšepe, sethunya, kapa lerōle le silang tse ka kenyang tšepe eo hamorao e tla rusa le ho thefula filimi.

Bohloeki le paballo li koala sekoahelo. Hlalosa hore na ID e hlatsuoa joang, e omisitsoe le ho sireletsoa joang, hore na li-caps li kenngoa joang, le hore na liphutheloana li phuthetsoe joang ho laola ho kenngoa ha chloride le ho kenella ha likaroloana nakong ea polokelo le thomello. Bopaki bo sebetsang bo behiloeng bakeng sa phepelo bo kenyelletsa-lichate tsa kalafo ea mocheso, lirekoto tsa ho se be teng, liphetho tsa bohloeki ba ID, 'me haeba ho boletsoe, ho hlahlojoa hore na ho na le tšoaetso kapa ho khoehla{3}}. Ha litaolo tsena li ngotsoe ka har'a database 'me li etsoa ka mokhoa o ts'oanang, mela ea A312 e cheselitsoeng le e se nang seam e sebetsa ka mokhoa o ts'oanang tšimong mme e boloka ho hanyetsa ha eona ha kutu ka nako e telele.

Moralo oa Tlhahlobo le Tlhahlobo

Ho e-na le lethathamo la likulo, nahana ka bopaki. Ntho e le 'ngoe e bonts'a botšepehi ba khatello (teko ea motlakase ea hydrostatic kapa e sa senyeheng ka A312). E 'ngoe e tiisa ho tsoela pele ha lebota le ID (eddy-ea hona joale kapa UT ka bolelele ba 100% bakeng sa lisebelisoa tsa bohlokoa). Moo ts'usumetso e leng kotsi, ho eketsoa mokhoa oa intergranular corrosion (ASTM A262). PMI e netefatsa boitsebiso ba alloy holim'a dingata. Sete ea litokomane e fana ka ts'ebetso ea MTC ho tloha mocheso ho ea ho bongata, ka mokhoa oa ho amohela le mekhoa ea tlaleho e lumellaneng ho ITP. Ha mong'a ntlo a e hloka, ho pakela batho ba bang{10}(mohlala,BV, SGS) e ka hlophisoa.

Lintlha tsa ho Odara - Likarolo tse Tla ba teng ho Lethathamo la Boitsebiso

Lethathamo 4 - Mabala a Lethathamo la lintlha le tse ling tse tloaelehileng

Tšimo	Keno e tloaelehileng
Kereiti/ mophato wa bobedi	304/304L, 316/316L, 321/321H, 347/347H; H-moo ho hlokahalang matla a phahameng a ho chesa
Boholo le kemiso	NPS, kemiso (5S/10S/40S/80S), lerako le lekantsoeng ha ho hlokahala
Bolelele le dipheletso	Khaola-ho{1}}bolelele kapa ka tšohanyetso; ho itokisetsa ho qetela (ho hlakile/square{{2}sehiloeng/beveled)
Tsela ea tlhahiso	Seamless le/kapa welded amohelehang; litekanyetso tsa ho lekana le tšireletso ea NDE
Phekolo ea mocheso & bokaholimo	Aneal tharollo; pickled/passivated kapa BA; Mekhoa ea bohloeki ba ID
NDE le kamohelo	Hydrostatic kapa tlhahlobo ea motlakase; Phatlalatso ea EC / UT; kamohelo le tlaleho
Ho paka & bohloeki	Li-caps tsa ho qetela, ho omella, meeli ea chloride, tšireletso ea ID
Litokomane & traceability	Lintlha tsa MTC (EN 10204), boholo ba PMI, ho tšoaea/khoutu
Ho nka karolo-ka lehlakore la boraro	Bopaki/sekoere sa ho hlahloba ha se hlalositsoe ke mong

Tšehetso ea morero

Bakeng sa merero e hahiloeng ho potaASTM A312 tšepe e sa hloekang, Pipe ea Octale fana ka 304/304L, 316/316L, 321/321H, 347/347H le ho khetha limaraka tse khethehileng tse nang le tharollo{8}}annealed finishes, pickling/passivation, cut{9}}ho{10}}ho{10}}ho{10}}ho{10}}ho{10}}bolelele ba tšebeletso le litokomane tse tsamaellanang le li-ITP tsa morero. Tlhahlobo e ikemetseng{12}}ea mokhatlo oa boraro e ka hlophisoa ho latela kopo.

LBH

Q1: ASTM A312 (ASME SA312) phala ea tšepe e sa hloekang e sebelisetsoa eng?
A1:Ke peipi ea tšepe e sa tsitsang ea austenitic bakeng sa-mocheso o phahameng le lipeipi tse senyang ka kakaretso.

Q2: Ke khetha joang pakeng tsa TP304/304L le TP316/316L bakeng sa pipe ea ASTM A312?
A2:Khetha 304/304L bakeng sa kutu e akaretsang; khetha 316/316L bakeng sa khanyetso e ntle ea pitting / crevice ho chloride.

Q3: Ke kopa eng ho netefatsa boleng ba pipe ea ASTM A312 pele ke reka?
A3:Kopa liphetho tsa liteko tsa MTC/traceability, hydrotest kapa NDE, PMI, le tlhahlobo efe kapa efe e boletsoeng ea kutu (mohlala, ASTM A262) hammoho le licheke tsa boholo / tsa ho qetela.

Ikopanye hona joale